Impact of cardiac arrest centers on the survival of patients with nontraumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest : a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Background The role of cardiac arrest centers (CACs) in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest care systems is continuously evolving. Interpretation of existing literature is limited by heterogeneity in CAC characteristics and types of patients transported to CACs. This study assesses the impact of CACs on survival in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest according to varying definitions of CAC and prespecified subgroups. Methods and Results Electronic databases were searched from inception to March 9, 2021 for relevant studies. Centers were considered CACs if self‐declared by study authors and capable of relevant interventions. Main outcomes were survival and neurologically favorable survival at hospital discharge or 30 days. Meta‐analyses were performed for adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and crude odds ratios. Thirty‐six studies were analyzed. Survival with favorable neurological outcome significantly improved with treatment at CACs (aOR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.52–2.26]), even when including high‐volume centers (aOR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.18–1.91]) or including improved‐care centers (aOR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.75–2.59]) as CACs. Survival significantly increased with treatment at CACs (aOR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.59–2.32]), even when including high‐volume centers (aOR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.38–2.18]) or when including improved‐care centers (aOR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.71–2.26]) as CACs. The treatment effect was more pronounced among patients with shockable rhythm ( P =0.006) and without prehospital return of spontaneous circulation ( P =0.005). Conclusions were robust to sensitivity analyses, with no publication bias detected. Conclusions Care at CACs was associated with improved survival and neurological outcomes for patients with nontraumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest regardless of varying CAC definitions. Patients with shockable rhythms and those without prehospital return of spontaneous circulation benefited more from CACs. Evidence for bypassing hospitals or interhospital transfer remains inconclusive

LANs connectivity via ISDN

A LAN-ISDN gateway has been designed, fabricated and tested in this project. An application program interface software and gateway management protocol have been developed and their performance verified.Master of Engineerin

Computational investigations on periodic trends in Group 14 chemistry

Describes the use of computer-aided molecular modelling to investigate trends in the chemistry of the Group 14 elements, namely carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead. The chemical behaviour of two classes of molecules containing Group 14 elements was related to trends in the fundamental properties of these elements

Syzygies of the polynomial invariants of the Riemann tensor

This thesis introduces a novel way of writing polynomial invariants as network graphs, and applies this diagrammatic notation scheme, in conjunction with graph theory, to derive algorithms for constructing relationships (syzygies) between different invariants. These algorithms give rise to a constructive solution of a longstanding classical problem in invariant theory

Readibility of chairman's statement in Singapore.

Investors and shareholders typically look at chairman’s statements in order to obtain valuable information about the performance and prospects of the companies. This is because majority of them do not have the time or the expertise to read detailed financial statements such as Balance Sheets or Profit and Loss statements. Hence, it is important that chairman’s statements are written in a form that is readable and understandable by majority of shareholders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the readability of chairman’s statements of listed companies on the Stock Exchange of Singapore as at 31/12/93. The study also wants to determine what percentage of the population in Singapore can read and understand the reports. Finally, the study attempts to identify several factors, such as level of content disclosure in chairman’s statement, company size and performance, which may affect the readability of chairman’s statements. This study found that majority of chairman’s statements in Singapore are readable only to shareholders with undergraduate qualifications. It was also discovered that approximately 95.6% of the people in Singapore have not achieved the reading comprehension level required to read and understand chairman’s statements. This suggests that there is an urgent need for chairmen to prepare more readable reports so that shareholders can understand them. Correlation analysis and multiple regressions are also run to analyse the data collected. Readability is measured by using two readability formulae, Flesch formula and Fog Index. The independent variables used are content level of chairman’s statement, size of company, liquidity, gearing and profitability. Our correlation analysis shows a significant but weak relationship between Flesch readability score and profitability. Our multiple regression analyses reinforce this relationship when results show that profitability adds additional explanatory power in predicting Flesch score. Results on relationships between readability scores and other remaining variables are found either to be insignificant or inconclusive. This suggests that we need to consider other factors which may be related to readability scores and to examine their relationships in further details. In conclusion to this project, we have recommended some ways of improving on the readability of chairman’s statement and suggested other aspects of the study that could be carried out further to gain a deeper insight into this topic.ACCOUNTANC

Readability of chairman's statement in Singapore.

Investors and shareholders typically look at chairman’s statements in order to obtain valuable information about the performance and prospects of the companies. This is because majority of them do not have the time or the expertise to read detailed financial statements such as Balance Sheets or Profit and Loss statements. Hence, it is important that chairman’s statements are written in a form that is readable and understandable by majority of shareholders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the readability of chairman’s statements of listed companies on the Stock Exchange of Singapore as at 31/12/93. The study also wants to determine what percentage of the population in Singapore can read and understand the reports. Finally, the study attempts to identify several factors, such as level of content disclosure in chairman’s statement, company size and performance, which may affect the readability of chairman’s statements. This study found that majority of chairman’s statements in Singapore are readable only to shareholders with undergraduate qualifications. It was also discovered that approximately 95.6% of the people in Singapore have not achieved the reading comprehension level required to read and understand chairman’s statements. This suggests that there is an urgent need for chairmen to prepare more readable reports so that shareholders can understand them. Correlation analysis and multiple regressions are also run to analyse the data collected. Readability is measured by using two readability formulae, Flesch formula and Fog Index. The independent variables used are content level of chairman’s statement, size of company, liquidity, gearing and profitability. Our correlation analysis shows a significant but weak relationship between Flesch readability score and profitability. Our multiple regression analyses reinforce this relationship when results show that profitability adds additional explanatory power in predicting Flesch score. Results on relationships between readability scores and other remaining variables are found either to be insignificant or inconclusive. This suggests that we need to consider other factors which may be related to readability scores and to examine their relationships in further details. In conclusion to this project, we have recommended some ways of improving on the readability of chairman’s statement and suggested other aspects of the study that could be carried out further to gain a deeper insight into this topic.ACCOUNTANC